Afonso Dhlakama vs Aruna Asaf Ali

Dhlakama was a founding member of RENAMO, an anti-communist rebel group opposed to the FRELIMO government. The group was initially backed by Rhodesia and South Africa, and it launched a brutal civil war against the government.

After Matsangaissa's death, Dhlakama assumed leadership of RENAMO. He transformed the group into a formidable guerrilla force, expanding its operations across Mozambique and prolonging the civil war.

Dhlakama signed a peace agreement with President Joaquim Chissano, ending the 16-year civil war. The accords transformed RENAMO into a political party and allowed Dhlakama to contest elections.

Dhlakama ran for president in Mozambique's first multiparty elections in 1994, losing to Joaquim Chissano. He continued to contest elections in 1999, 2004, 2009, and 2014, always losing, which led to periodic accusations of fraud.

After alleging fraud in the 2013 local elections, Dhlakama ordered RENAMO fighters to resume attacks on government targets. The renewed conflict lasted several years, causing casualties and displacement before a new peace deal was signed.

Aruna Asaf Ali famously hoisted the Indian National Congress flag at Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay on August 9, 1942, marking the start of the Quit India Movement. This act defied British authority and inspired mass protests.

After the flag hoisting, Aruna Asaf Ali went underground to evade arrest. She continued to organize resistance, publish illegal pamphlets, and coordinate with other leaders, becoming a symbol of defiance.

Aruna Asaf Ali was elected as the first Mayor of Delhi. She focused on urban development and social welfare, though her tenure was brief and largely ceremonial.

Aruna Asaf Ali was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, for her role in the independence movement and social work. The award recognized her lifelong commitment to the nation.