Antonio Costa vs Francesco Cossiga

Costa became Prime Minister after the Socialist Party formed a minority government supported by the Left Bloc and Communist Party. This 'geringon

Costa's government reversed many austerity measures imposed during the bailout, restoring public sector wages, pensions, and social benefits. This led to economic growth and reduced inequality.

Costa hosted the United Nations Ocean Conference in Lisbon, positioning Portugal as a leader in ocean conservation and sustainable blue economy. The conference produced the Lisbon Declaration.

Costa resigned as Prime Minister after a corruption investigation involving his chief of staff and potential conflicts of interest in lithium and hydrogen projects. He denied wrongdoing but stepped down.

Cossiga served as Minister of the Interior from 1976 to 1978 during the Years of Lead. He oversaw security measures against terrorism, including the response to the kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro by the Red Brigades in 1978.

Cossiga served as Prime Minister from August 1979 to October 1980. His government focused on combating terrorism and economic instability, but fell after losing parliamentary support over economic policies and the Bologna massacre.

Cossiga was elected President of the Italian Republic in June 1985. His presidency was marked by a shift from a ceremonial role to an active political intervention, earning him the nickname 'picconatore' (pickaxe) for his attacks on the political establishment.

Cossiga resigned as President in April 1992, two months before the end of his term, citing political isolation and frustration with the party system. His resignation was a dramatic gesture that highlighted the crisis of the First Italian Republic.

After resigning as President, Cossiga automatically became a senator for life. He continued to be an active and controversial figure in Italian politics, often criticizing the political class and advocating for institutional reforms.