Arnulfo Arias vs H. D. Kumaraswamy

Arnulfo Arias was elected President of Panama in 1940 on a nationalist platform. He enacted a new constitution that expanded executive power and restricted foreign influence, particularly from the United States. He was overthrown by the National Police in 1941 after only 13 months in office.

Arias returned to power in 1949 after a disputed election. He attempted to implement economic reforms and suppress political opposition. He was again overthrown by the National Guard in 1951, after trying to dissolve the National Assembly.

Arias won the 1968 presidential election and took office for a third time. He served only 11 days before being overthrown by a military coup led by Omar Torrijos and Boris Martinez. This ended his political career and ushered in a period of military rule in Panama.

Kumaraswamy became Chief Minister of Karnataka in February 2006, leading a Janata Dal (Secular)-BJP coalition government. He served until November 2007, focusing on rural development and farmer welfare schemes.

Kumaraswamy became Chief Minister for a second time in May 2018, leading a Congress-JD(S) coalition government. His term lasted until July 2019, when the government collapsed after several MLAs resigned, leading to a BJP government.

Kumaraswamy lost a trust vote in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly in July 2019 after several Congress and JD(S) MLAs resigned. This led to the collapse of his coalition government and the installation of a BJP government under B.S. Yediyurappa.

Kumaraswamy was elected to the Lok Sabha from the Mandya constituency in the 2024 Indian general election. This marked his entry into national politics after serving as a state-level leader for decades.