Artaphernes vs Yan Ying

Darius I appointed his brother Artaphernes as satrap of Lydia, a key province in western Anatolia. He administered the satrapy from Sardis, overseeing the collection of tribute and maintaining Persian control over the Greek city-states of Ionia.

Artaphernes received an Athenian embassy seeking Persian support against Sparta. He demanded earth and water as tokens of submission, which the Athenians gave. This agreement briefly made Athens a Persian ally, though it later contributed to the Persian Wars.

Artaphernes, as satrap of Lydia, played a key role in suppressing the Ionian Revolt against Persian rule. He coordinated military operations with the Persian fleet and reimposed Persian authority over the rebellious Greek cities, including the sack of Miletus.

Yan Ying became a high-ranking minister in the state of Qi under Duke Jing. He was known for his frugality, living in a modest house and wearing plain clothes, and for his diplomatic missions to other states.

Yan Ying represented Qi at the court of Chu, where he was mocked for his short stature. He responded with witty retorts that defended Qi's honor, a story recorded in the 'Yanzi Chunqiu' and celebrated for its cleverness.

Yan Ying counseled Duke Jing to reduce taxes, avoid extravagance, and care for the people. His advice emphasized moral leadership and frugality, influencing Qi's policies during a period of relative stability.