Arun Jaitley vs Chester A. Arthur

Arun Jaitley was appointed Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha, serving until 2014. He led the BJP's parliamentary strategy against the UPA government, particularly on corruption issues.

Arun Jaitley was appointed Union Minister of Finance in the Modi government, serving until 2019. He oversaw major economic reforms, including the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC).

Arun Jaitley oversaw the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), a landmark indirect tax reform that unified multiple state and central taxes into a single system. The GST was launched on July 1, 2017, after years of negotiation.

Arun Jaitley was appointed Union Minister of Defence in the Modi government, serving concurrently with Finance until 2019. He oversaw defense modernization and the 2019 Balakot airstrike.

Arun Jaitley resigned from all government posts, including Finance and Defence, due to health issues. He had been undergoing treatment for cancer, and his resignation marked the end of his active political career.

Arthur became the 21st president upon Garfield's death. His ascension was marked by a desire to distance himself from the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party, which had supported him as vice president.

Arthur vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which would have banned Chinese immigration for 20 years. He argued it violated the Burlingame Treaty. Congress later passed a revised version with a 10-year ban, which Arthur signed.

Arthur signed the Pendleton Act into law, establishing a merit-based system for federal employment. The act created the Civil Service Commission and required competitive exams for many government positions, reducing the influence of patronage and political machines.