B. R. Ambedkar vs Ku Hung-ming

B. R. Ambedkar led a satyagraha at Mahad, Maharashtra, to assert the right of Dalits to use the public water tank. The protest challenged caste-based segregation and resulted in a legal victory affirming equal access to public resources.

Ambedkar negotiated the Poona Pact with Mahatma Gandhi, agreeing to a joint electorate for Dalits instead of separate electorates. The pact reserved seats for Dalits in provincial legislatures, but Ambedkar later criticized it as a compromise.

Ambedkar was appointed Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution. He oversaw the drafting of the constitution, which abolished untouchability, guaranteed fundamental rights, and established a secular democratic republic.

Ambedkar converted to Buddhism in a public ceremony in Nagpur, along with hundreds of thousands of Dalit followers. He rejected Hinduism as inherently casteist and embraced Buddhism as a religion of equality.

Ku Hung-ming translated the Analects of Confucius and other classics into English, making them accessible to Western readers. His translations were praised for their literary quality and fidelity.

After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Ku Hung-ming refused to cut his queue, a symbol of Manchu rule. He wore it as a statement of cultural loyalty, becoming a symbol of resistance to Westernization.

Ku Hung-ming published 'The Spirit of the Chinese People' in English, defending Confucian values against Western criticism. The book gained international attention and influenced Western perceptions of China.

Ku Hung-ming taught English literature and Confucian philosophy at Peking University. His lectures attracted students and intellectuals, though his conservative views sparked debate.