Baudouin of Belgium vs Gungunhana

Baudouin became king of Belgium at age 20 following his father Leopold III's abdication. His accession aimed to heal the divisions caused by the Royal Question and restore stability to the monarchy.

Baudouin presided over the independence of the Belgian Congo on June 30, 1960. In his speech, he praised Leopold II's colonial work, which was met with criticism from Congolese leader Patrice Lumumba.

Baudouin married Spanish aristocrat Fabiola de Mora y Arag

Baudouin oversaw the first constitutional reform that began Belgium's transformation from a unitary state into a federal state. The reform recognized three linguistic communities and three regions, addressing Flemish-Walloon tensions.

Baudouin refused to sign a law legalizing abortion on conscientious grounds. The government declared him temporarily unable to reign, passed the law, and then reinstated him, a constitutional compromise unique in Belgian history.

Gungunhana signed a treaty recognizing Portuguese sovereignty over Gaza, becoming a vassal. This agreement was intended to avoid conflict but ultimately failed as Portuguese demands for control increased, leading to war.

Gungunhana's forces defeated a Portuguese column at the Battle of Magul in Mozambique. This victory temporarily halted Portuguese expansion into Gaza territory, but also provoked a larger Portuguese military response.

Gungunhana was captured by Portuguese forces led by Joaquim Mouzinho de Albuquerque after the Battle of Chaimite. He was exiled to the Azores and later to Portugal, ending Gaza Nguni resistance. His capture marked the fall of the Gaza Empire.