Cai E vs Osman Nuri Pasha

Cai E, as military governor of Yunnan, declared the province's independence from Yuan Shikai's monarchy. He organized the National Protection Army to oppose Yuan's attempt to restore the imperial system, sparking a nationwide revolt.

Cai E commanded the National Protection Army in battles against Yuan Shikai's forces in Sichuan. His military campaign, combined with other provinces' defections, forced Yuan to abandon his monarchy. Cai's actions preserved the republic.

Cai E died in a Japanese hospital from tuberculosis at age 34. His death shortly after the National Protection War's success made him a martyr for the republican cause. He was posthumously honored as a national hero.

Osman Nuri Pasha commanded the Ottoman defense of Plevna (now Pleven, Bulgaria) from July to December 1877 during the Russo-Turkish War. His forces held out against a larger Russian army for five months, inflicting heavy casualties before surrendering due to supply shortages.

On December 10, 1877, Osman Nuri Pasha surrendered to the Russian army after the fall of Plevna. He was wounded during the final assault and taken prisoner. The surrender marked a turning point in the war, leading to Ottoman defeat.

After his release from Russian captivity, Osman Nuri Pasha was appointed Ottoman Minister of War in 1878. He served in this position during the post-war reorganization of the Ottoman military.