Chen Jiongming vs Maaouya Ould SidAhmed Taya

Chen Jiongming was elected military governor of Guangdong after the Wuchang Uprising. He established a provincial assembly and implemented federalist policies, advocating for a decentralized republic in China.

Chen Jiongming ordered his troops to attack Sun Yat-sen's headquarters in Guangzhou, forcing Sun to flee to Shanghai. This ended their alliance and split the Chinese revolutionary movement.

Chen Jiongming's forces were decisively defeated by Chiang Kai-shek's National Revolutionary Army during the first phase of the Northern Expedition. This ended Chen's control over Guangdong and his federalist experiment.

After his military defeat, Chen Jiongming retired to Hong Kong and ceased political activity. He lived there until his death in 1933, writing memoirs and advocating for federalism in exile.

Maaouya Ould SidAhmed Taya seized power in a bloodless coup on December 12, 1984, overthrowing President Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla. He became head of state and later president.

Under pressure, Ould Taya introduced a new constitution in July 1991 that legalized political parties and established a multi-party system. This ended the one-party state but maintained his dominance.

Mauritania under Ould Taya established full diplomatic relations with Israel on October 28, 1999, becoming one of only three Arab League states to do so. This strained relations with other Arab nations.

Ould Taya was overthrown in a military coup on August 3, 2005, while attending the funeral of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia. The coup ended his 21-year rule and was led by the Military Council for Justice and Democracy.