Commodus vs Martinianus

Commodus, upon becoming sole emperor, quickly made peace with the Marcomanni and Quadi tribes, abandoning his father Marcus Aurelius's plans to annex territory beyond the Danube. This decision was seen as a retreat from expansionist policy.

Commodus renamed Rome as Colonia Commodiana, the Roman legions as Commodianae, and the months of the year after his own names. This megalomaniacal act further strained his relationship with the Senate and traditional institutions.

Commodus was strangled in his bath by the wrestler Narcissus, following a conspiracy involving his mistress Marcia and the praetorian prefect Laetus. His death ended the Nerva-Antonine dynasty and triggered the Year of the Five Emperors.

Commodus fought as a gladiator in the Colosseum, killing animals and disabled opponents. He claimed to be the reincarnation of Hercules and demanded divine honors. This behavior alienated the Senate and military, contributing to his downfall.

Martinianus commanded Licinius's fleet at the Battle of the Hellespont against Constantine's forces. Constantine's son Crispus defeated the fleet, forcing Martinianus to flee and contributing to Licinius's overall defeat.

During the final civil war against Constantine I, Licinius appointed Martinianus as his co-emperor (Augustus) to bolster his legitimacy and command. This was a last-minute move as Licinius's position deteriorated.

After Licinius surrendered and was initially spared, Constantine ordered the execution of Martinianus. The execution eliminated a potential rival and secured Constantine's sole rule over the Roman Empire.