Duke Huan of Qi vs Galerius

Duke Huan appointed Guan Zhong as chancellor, who implemented administrative and economic reforms. These included reorganizing the state into districts, standardizing taxes, and promoting trade, which strengthened Qi's power and wealth.

Duke Huan of Qi became the first of the Five Hegemons, dominating the Spring and Autumn period. He used the authority of the Zhou king to lead alliances of states, maintaining order and defending against non-Chinese tribes.

Duke Huan led a campaign against the Northern Di tribes who were threatening the states of Yan and Xing. His victory protected the northern borders and earned him gratitude from the Zhou court, enhancing his prestige as protector of Chinese civilization.

Duke Huan convened a major alliance of states at Kuiqiu, where he reaffirmed the authority of the Zhou king and established a code of conduct among states. This meeting solidified his position as hegemon and set precedents for interstate relations.

Galerius led a Roman army against the Sassanid Empire, suffering an initial defeat near Carrhae. He later regrouped and won a decisive victory, capturing the Persian king Narseh's family and forcing a favorable peace treaty.

Galerius was a primary instigator of Diocletian's Great Persecution, which sought to suppress Christianity through destruction of churches, confiscation of property, and execution of clergy. The persecution lasted until 311.

Galerius, on his deathbed, issued an edict ending the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. The edict granted Christians the right to practice their religion and rebuild their churches, marking a major shift in imperial policy.