Faisal I of Iraq vs Hamoud bin Mohammed

Faisal, as a key leader of the Arab Revolt, commanded Arab forces alongside British officer T.E. Lawrence. The revolt aimed to overthrow Ottoman rule in the Arab provinces. It succeeded in capturing Damascus in 1918, contributing to the Allied victory in World War I.

In March 1920, Faisal was proclaimed King of Syria by the Syrian National Congress. However, the French Mandate authorities rejected this and invaded Syria in July 1920, defeating Faisal's forces at the Battle of Maysalun and forcing him into exile.

After the Cairo Conference of 1921, the British installed Faisal as King of Iraq under a mandate. He was crowned on August 23, 1921. His reign focused on building a modern state, integrating diverse ethnic and religious groups, and managing British influence.

Faisal signed the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty in 1930, which granted Iraq independence while maintaining British military bases and influence. The treaty paved the way for Iraq's admission to the League of Nations in 1932 as a sovereign state.

After the Anglo-Zanzibar War, the British installed Hamoud bin Mohammed as sultan. He was chosen for his pro-British stance and willingness to cooperate with British anti-slavery policies, marking Zanzibar's transition to a British protectorate.

Hamoud bin Mohammed issued a decree abolishing the legal status of slavery in Zanzibar. This ended the island's role as a major slave trade hub, freeing approximately 60,000 enslaved people and compensating slave owners.

Hamoud bin Mohammed signed the Slavery Abolition Decree on April 5, 1897, which freed all slaves in Zanzibar and Pemba. The decree included provisions for former slaves to become tenants or wage laborers on plantations.