Faisal I of Iraq vs Malietoa Tanumafili II

Faisal, as a key leader of the Arab Revolt, commanded Arab forces alongside British officer T.E. Lawrence. The revolt aimed to overthrow Ottoman rule in the Arab provinces. It succeeded in capturing Damascus in 1918, contributing to the Allied victory in World War I.

In March 1920, Faisal was proclaimed King of Syria by the Syrian National Congress. However, the French Mandate authorities rejected this and invaded Syria in July 1920, defeating Faisal's forces at the Battle of Maysalun and forcing him into exile.

After the Cairo Conference of 1921, the British installed Faisal as King of Iraq under a mandate. He was crowned on August 23, 1921. His reign focused on building a modern state, integrating diverse ethnic and religious groups, and managing British influence.

Faisal signed the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty in 1930, which granted Iraq independence while maintaining British military bases and influence. The treaty paved the way for Iraq's admission to the League of Nations in 1932 as a sovereign state.

Malietoa Tanumafili II became joint Head of State with Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole upon Samoa's independence. He later became sole Head of State for life.

Samoa hosted the South Pacific Games under Malietoa's patronage, showcasing the nation. The event was a major regional sporting occasion.

Malietoa Tanumafili II died at age 94, ending his 45-year tenure as Head of State. His death marked the end of an era for Samoa.