Frederick Augustus II of Saxony vs Milan I of Serbia

Frederick Augustus II became King of Saxony after the death of his uncle, Anthony. He inherited a constitutional monarchy and faced growing demands for political liberalization and national unification.

During the Revolutions of 1848, Frederick Augustus II faced widespread protests in Saxony demanding democratic reforms. He initially made concessions, including appointing a liberal ministry, but later reversed course as the revolution waned.

Frederick Augustus II called for Prussian military assistance to suppress the May Uprising in Dresden, a revolt by radical democrats. The uprising was crushed, leading to the arrest of leaders like Richard Wagner and Mikhail Bakunin.

After the 1848 revolutions, Frederick Augustus II supported the Erfurt Union, a Prussian-led plan for German unification. However, he later withdrew support under Austrian pressure, contributing to the failure of the union.

Milan Obrenovic became Prince of Serbia in June 1868 at age 14 after the assassination of his cousin Mihailo. A regency ruled until he came of age in 1872.

Milan I proclaimed Serbia a kingdom and himself as king in March 1882, elevating the principality to a kingdom. This act was recognized by the great powers and increased Serbia's international status.

Milan I declared war on Bulgaria in November 1885, but Serbian forces were defeated at the Battle of Slivnitsa. The war ended with a peace treaty mediated by Austria-Hungary, resulting in no territorial changes.

Milan I abdicated the Serbian throne in March 1889 in favor of his son Alexander. He went into exile, partly due to political pressure and personal scandals.