Frederick I of Sweden vs Tokugawa Yoshimune

Frederick I was crowned King of Sweden after his wife Ulrika Eleonora abdicated in his favor. His coronation was conditional on accepting the 1720 constitution, which limited royal power and strengthened the Riksdag.

Frederick I presided over the early Age of Liberty, a period of parliamentary rule in Sweden. He had little political influence, as power shifted to the Riksdag and the Hat and Cap parties.

Frederick I, influenced by the Hat party, declared war on Russia in an attempt to regain lost territories. The war ended in 1743 with the Treaty of

Frederick I died in Stockholm at age 75. His death ended a reign of 31 years during which royal power declined and the Age of Liberty flourished.

Tokugawa Yoshimune launched the Kyoho Reforms to address financial crises and social unrest. He implemented sumptuary laws, promoted fiscal austerity, encouraged new agriculture, and reformed the samurai code. The reforms stabilized the shogunate's finances temporarily.

Tokugawa Yoshimune established a professional firefighting force in Edo, replacing the previous reliance on samurai and commoners. This system improved fire response and reduced the devastation of urban fires in the capital.

Tokugawa Yoshimune relaxed the ban on Western books, allowing the import of non-Christian foreign texts. This policy encouraged the study of Western science and medicine, known as Rangaku, contributing to Japan's intellectual development.

Tokugawa Yoshimune established a complaint box system (meyasu-bako) allowing commoners to submit petitions directly to the shogun. He also revised legal codes to reduce corruption and improve judicial transparency.