Frederick III of Germany vs Osman Mahamuud

Frederick III married Victoria, the eldest daughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. The marriage was intended to strengthen Anglo-Prussian ties and influenced Frederick's liberal views, but also created tensions with Bismarck's conservative policies.

Frederick III was diagnosed with laryngeal cancer in 1887. Despite a tracheotomy and treatment, the cancer proved fatal. His illness and death prevented the implementation of his liberal-leaning policies, which might have altered Germany's political trajectory.

Frederick III ascended the German throne on March 9, 1888, but died of throat cancer on June 15, 1888, after only 99 days. His brief reign, known as the Year of the Three Emperors, prevented any significant policy changes or reforms.

Osman Mahamuud engaged in diplomatic and military rivalry with Yusuf Ali Kenadid, who founded the breakaway Sultanate of Hobyo. This conflict weakened the Majeerteen Sultanate and facilitated Italian colonial penetration.

Osman Mahamuud led the Majeerteen Sultanate in armed resistance against Italian colonial forces attempting to establish control over the northeastern Somali coast. His forces engaged in multiple battles to defend sovereignty.

Osman Mahamuud signed a protectorate agreement with Italy, formally placing the Majeerteen Sultanate under Italian colonial rule. This ended his sultanate's independence and integrated it into Italian Somaliland.