Ganga Singh of Bikaner vs Shahu of Kolhapur

Ganga Singh raised the Bikaner Camel Corps, a military unit that served in the British Indian Army. The corps fought in the Boxer Rebellion and World War I, gaining a reputation for effectiveness in desert warfare.

Ganga Singh oversaw the construction of the Ganga Canal, a major irrigation project that transformed the desert region of Bikaner into fertile farmland. He also built railways, roads, and hospitals, modernizing the state's infrastructure.

Ganga Singh was appointed to the Imperial War Cabinet by British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, representing India's princely states. He participated in discussions on World War I strategy and post-war planning, becoming the only Indian prince to hold such a position.

Ganga Singh served as a delegate to the League of Nations, advocating for India's interests on the international stage. He spoke on issues of disarmament and colonial governance, enhancing India's diplomatic presence.

Shahu Maharaj became a prominent patron of the non-Brahmin movement in Maharashtra. He provided financial and political support to leaders like Mahatma Jyotirao Phule and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, advocating for the rights of lower castes.

Shahu Maharaj introduced a system of reserved seats in government jobs and educational institutions for non-Brahmin communities, particularly Marathas and other backward castes. This was a pioneering affirmative action policy in India.

Shahu Maharaj initiated a modern piped water supply system for Kolhapur city, drawing water from the Panchganga River. This project improved public health and sanitation in the state capital.

Shahu Maharaj established Rajaram College in Kolhapur specifically to provide higher education to students from non-Brahmin and backward communities. The college became a center for social reform and education.

Shahu Maharaj introduced compulsory primary education in Kolhapur state, one of the first such acts in India. The law mandated free education for all children, regardless of caste, and established a network of schools.