John Garang vs Steve Biko

John Garang founded the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and its political wing, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), in response to the Sudanese government's imposition of Sharia law and abrogation of southern autonomy. Garang became the leader of the rebellion.

Garang articulated the SPLA/M's goal as a 'New Sudan'

Garang signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) with Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir, ending the Second Sudanese Civil War. The agreement granted southern Sudan autonomy and a referendum on independence. Garang became First Vice President of Sudan and President of Southern Sudan.

John Garang died in a helicopter crash on July 30, 2005, just three weeks after becoming First Vice President of Sudan. His death triggered riots in southern Sudan and raised fears of a return to war. He was succeeded by Salva Kiir as leader of the SPLM and Southern Sudan.

Steve Biko founded SASO, a black student organization that became the core of the Black Consciousness Movement. SASO promoted black pride and psychological liberation from apartheid oppression.

Biko was banned by the apartheid government, restricting his movement and prohibiting him from speaking publicly. The ban aimed to silence his influence but he continued to organize underground.

Biko was arrested at a police roadblock and died from brain injuries sustained during interrogation. His death sparked international outrage and made him a martyr for the anti-apartheid movement.

A collection of Biko's writings and speeches was published posthumously as 'I Write What I Like'. The book articulated the philosophy of Black Consciousness and became a foundational text.