Jose Sarney vs Roman Dmowski

José Sarney assumed the presidency on April 21, 1985, after the death of President-elect Tancredo Neves. He became the first civilian president since the 1964 military coup, serving until March 15, 1990.

Sarney was elected vice president in 1985 on the ticket of Tancredo Neves. When Neves fell ill and died before taking office, Sarney succeeded him, becoming president under the transitional democratic government.

Sarney launched the Cruzado Plan in February 1986, a heterodox economic program to combat hyperinflation. It included a currency reform, price freezes, and wage adjustments. The plan initially succeeded but later collapsed, leading to renewed inflation.

In 1987, Brazil faced a severe economic crisis with hyperinflation reaching over 200% per month. Sarney's government declared a moratorium on foreign debt payments in February 1987, straining relations with international creditors.

Sarney oversaw the promulgation of Brazil's new constitution on October 5, 1988, which replaced the 1967 military-era constitution. The 1988 constitution expanded social rights, decentralized power, and established democratic institutions.

Dmowski co-founded the National Democratic Party (Endecja) in 1897, which became the leading Polish nationalist movement. The party advocated for Polish independence through gradual cultural and economic development, opposing both socialism and the romantic insurrectionist tradition.

Dmowski led the Polish National Committee in Paris, recognized by the Allies as the official representative of Polish interests during World War I. He lobbied for Polish independence, organized the Blue Army of Polish volunteers in France, and shaped Allied policy toward Poland.

Dmowski presented the Polish case at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, arguing for the restoration of an independent Polish state with access to the Baltic Sea. His memorandum and testimony influenced the Treaty of Versailles, which granted Poland independence and the Polish Corridor.

Dmowski was a signatory to the Treaty of Riga on March 18, 1921, which ended the Polish-Soviet War. The treaty established the Polish-Soviet border, granting Poland substantial territories in the east. Dmowski's nationalist vision influenced the territorial settlement.