K. Kamaraj vs Mohammad Hatta

Kamaraj became Chief Minister of Madras State, serving from 1954 to 1963. His tenure focused on education expansion, including the introduction of free and compulsory education, and the construction of major irrigation projects.

Kamaraj was elected President of the Indian National Congress, a position he held until 1967. He used his influence to shape party strategy and leadership, earning the title 'Kingmaker' for his role in selecting prime ministers.

After Nehru's death, Kamaraj played a pivotal role in securing the selection of Lal Bahadur Shastri as Prime Minister, bypassing more senior leaders. This demonstrated his influence as a key power broker within the Congress party.

Following Shastri's sudden death, Kamaraj again used his influence to support Indira Gandhi's candidacy for Prime Minister, helping her defeat Morarji Desai. This decision shaped Indian politics for decades.

After the Congress party's poor performance in the 1967 general elections, Kamaraj resigned as Congress President, taking responsibility for the setback. This marked the decline of the 'Syndicate' faction's dominance.

Mohammad Hatta, alongside Sukarno, proclaimed Indonesia's independence on August 17, 1945. This act declared the nation's sovereignty from Dutch colonial rule, initiating the Indonesian National Revolution.

Hatta was elected as the first Vice President of Indonesia by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence. He served alongside President Sukarno, playing a key role in the early government and diplomacy of the new republic.

As Prime Minister, Hatta signed the Linggadjati Agreement with the Netherlands, which recognized de facto Indonesian control over Java, Sumatra, and Madura. The agreement was a diplomatic effort to end the Indonesian National Revolution but later broke down.

Hatta resigned as Vice President due to disagreements with President Sukarno over the direction of the state, particularly regarding the shift towards Guided Democracy. His resignation marked a significant political rift in Indonesia's early leadership.