Khalid bin Barghash vs Zaman Shah Durrani

Khalid bin Barghash's refusal to abdicate led to the Anglo-Zanzibar War, the shortest war in history. British warships bombarded the palace for 38 minutes, killing 500 defenders. Khalid fled to the German consulate and was exiled.

Khalid bin Barghash seized the sultanate after the death of his cousin Hamad bin Thuwaini, without British approval. He declared himself Sultan, challenging British authority over Zanzibar's succession.

After his defeat, Khalid bin Barghash was captured by the British and exiled first to the Seychelles, then to Saint Helena. He remained in exile for decades, never returning to Zanzibar, ending his political ambitions.

Zaman Shah Durrani became the third ruler of the Durrani Empire after the death of his father, Timur Shah. His accession was contested by his brothers, leading to a period of internal strife. He initially consolidated power by executing or imprisoning rivals.

Zaman Shah launched multiple invasions of the Punjab region, aiming to reassert Afghan control over the Sikh territories. He captured Lahore in 1798 but was forced to withdraw due to threats from Persia and internal rebellions. His campaigns failed to achieve lasting gains.

Zaman Shah was overthrown by his half-brother Mahmud Shah Durrani in a coup. He was captured, blinded, and imprisoned. This act of blinding was a common practice to disqualify a rival from rule. Zaman Shah spent the rest of his life in captivity.