Kinwun Mingyi U Kaung vs Peter Mutharika

Kinwun Mingyi U Kaung led a Burmese diplomatic mission to France, Italy, and Britain. The mission sought to modernize Burma's international relations and secure recognition of its sovereignty.

Kinwun Mingyi U Kaung negotiated a treaty with France that established diplomatic relations and trade agreements. The treaty was part of Burma's efforts to counterbalance British influence.

Kinwun Mingyi U Kaung introduced administrative reforms in Burma, including the establishment of a modern treasury and the reorganization of provincial governance. These reforms aimed to centralize royal authority.

Kinwun Mingyi U Kaung advised King Thibaw to negotiate with the British rather than resist militarily. His advice was overruled by Queen Supayalat, leading to the war and the fall of the Burmese monarchy.

After the British annexation of Burma, Kinwun Mingyi U Kaung served as a chief minister in the colonial administration. He worked to preserve Burmese cultural institutions under British rule.

Peter Mutharika was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by his brother, President Bingu wa Mutharika. He served in this role until Bingu's death in 2012.

Peter Mutharika won the presidential election with 36% of the vote, defeating incumbent Joyce Banda and Lazarus Chakwera. The election was disputed, with Banda alleging fraud.

Mutharika won a second term in a highly controversial election. The Malawi Electoral Commission declared him the winner, but the opposition challenged the results, leading to widespread protests.

The Malawi Constitutional Court annulled the 2019 presidential election due to widespread irregularities, including the use of correction fluid on tally sheets. This was a landmark ruling in African jurisprudence.

Mutharika lost the rerun election to Lazarus Chakwera, receiving 39% of the vote against Chakwera's 59%. He conceded defeat, marking a peaceful transfer of power.