Leopold III of Belgium vs Nadir Muhammad

Leopold III became king of Belgium after his father Albert I's death. He inherited a country facing economic depression and rising political tensions between Flemish and French-speaking communities.

Germany invaded Belgium on May 10, 1940. Leopold III took personal command of the Belgian army, which fought for 18 days before being overwhelmed by the German blitzkrieg.

Leopold III surrendered the Belgian army to Germany on May 28, 1940, without consulting his government. This decision was condemned by the Belgian government in exile, which declared him unable to reign.

Leopold III remained in Belgium under German house arrest at the Royal Palace of Laeken. He was later deported to Germany in 1944 and then to Austria, where he was liberated by American forces in 1945.

After World War II, a referendum on Leopold III's return to the throne divided Belgium. Violence erupted between supporters and opponents, leading to his abdication on July 16, 1951, in favor of his son Baudouin.

Nadir Muhammad became the Jani-Begid ruler of the Khanate of Bukhara after the abdication of his brother Imam Quli Khan. His reign was marked by internal strife and external threats.

Nadir Muhammad lost the city of Balkh and its surrounding territory to the Mughal Empire under Shah Jahan. The Mughals launched a campaign into Central Asia, capturing Balkh and forcing Nadir Muhammad to cede the region.

Nadir Muhammad was deposed by his son Abd al-Aziz Khan after a period of internal conflict. He died shortly after, ending his troubled reign and allowing his son to restore stability to the khanate.