Midhat Pasha vs Surya Bahadur Thapa

As governor of the Danube Vilayet from 1864 to 1868, Midhat Pasha implemented extensive reforms. He built roads, bridges, and schools, established a provincial bank, and promoted agricultural development. His administration became a model for Tanzimat provincial governance.

Midhat Pasha was appointed Grand Vizier for the first time in 1872. He had previously served as governor of the Danube Vilayet and was known for his reformist ideas. His tenure was short-lived due to opposition from conservative factions and the sultan.

Midhat Pasha was the chief architect of the first Ottoman Constitution, proclaimed on December 23, 1876. The constitution established a bicameral parliament, guaranteed civil liberties, and limited the sultan's powers. It was a landmark in Ottoman modernization, though it was suspended in 1878.

Midhat Pasha was arrested in 1881 on charges of involvement in the murder of Sultan Abd

Thapa became Prime Minister for the first time under the Panchayat system, serving from 1979 to 1983. He focused on economic development and maintaining the monarchy's authority.

Thapa founded the Rastriya Prajatantra Party (RPP) after the end of the Panchayat system. The party advocated for constitutional monarchy and conservative values.

Thapa served his fifth and final term as Prime Minister during the civil war. His government faced criticism for human rights abuses and failure to negotiate with Maoist rebels.