Mpezeni vs Selim I Giray

Mpezeni led a faction of the Ngoni people from South Africa northward into present-day eastern Zambia. This migration was part of the Mfecane upheaval and resulted in the establishment of a Ngoni kingdom in the region, displacing local populations.

Mpezeni consolidated Ngoni control over parts of eastern Zambia, establishing a centralized kingdom with a military-based social structure. The kingdom conducted raids on neighboring groups and resisted European encroachment for decades.

Mpezeni's Ngoni forces fought against the British South Africa Company's attempts to impose colonial rule. The conflict culminated in the Ngoni defeat at the Battle of Fwambo, leading to the incorporation of the Ngoni kingdom into British colonial territory.

Mpezeni died in 1900, marking the end of Ngoni independence. His kingdom was fully incorporated into the British protectorate of Northern Rhodesia, and his successors were reduced to ceremonial roles under colonial administration.

Selim I Giray was appointed Khan of the Crimean Khanate by the Ottoman Sultan for the first time. His reign was marked by diplomatic maneuvering between the Ottoman Empire, Poland-Lithuania, and Russia. He was deposed after a few years due to political intrigues.

Selim I Giray returned to power and negotiated the Treaty of Bakhchysarai with the Tsardom of Russia. The treaty ended the Russo-Turkish War (1676-1681) and established the Dnieper River as the border between the two powers. It also recognized Russian control of Left-Bank Ukraine.

Selim I Giray was reinstated as khan during the Great Turkish War. He led Crimean forces in support of the Ottoman Empire against the Holy League. His campaigns included raids into Poland and Austria, but he was unable to prevent Ottoman losses.

Selim I Giray became khan for the fourth and final time. He focused on restoring the khanate's economy and maintaining peace with neighboring states. He negotiated a truce with Poland-Lithuania and sought to stabilize relations with Russia, though tensions remained.