Mwezi IV Gisabo vs Yeshwantrao Holkar

Mwezi IV Gisabo signed a treaty with the German East Africa Company, accepting German protection over Burundi. The treaty recognized German colonial authority while allowing the mwami to retain nominal rule, marking the beginning of formal colonial subjugation.

After the treaty, Mwezi IV Gisabo led a rebellion against German forces when they attempted to impose direct colonial administration. He organized guerrilla attacks on German posts, but was ultimately defeated by superior German firepower, leading to his exile.

Following his defeat, Mwezi IV Gisabo was captured and exiled by German forces to the island of Ukerewe in Lake Victoria. His removal from power allowed the Germans to restructure Burundian governance, diminishing the monarchy's authority and implementing direct colonial rule.

German authorities allowed Mwezi IV Gisabo to return from exile and resume his position as mwami, but under strict colonial supervision. He was forced to accept German administrative reforms, including the appointment of European advisors, effectively reducing his role to a figurehead.

Yeshwantrao Holkar defeated the combined forces of the Peshwa and Scindia at the Battle of Poona. This victory made him the dominant Maratha power in the Deccan and forced the Peshwa to flee.

The Peshwa Baji Rao II signed the Treaty of Bassein with the British, seeking their help against Yeshwantrao Holkar. This treaty brought the British into Maratha affairs and triggered the Second Anglo-Maratha War.

Yeshwantrao Holkar besieged the British-held fort of Bharatpur but failed to capture it. The siege ended inconclusively, and Holkar was forced to retreat after British reinforcements arrived.

Yeshwantrao Holkar signed the Treaty of Rajghat with the British, ending his participation in the Second Anglo-Maratha War. He ceded some territories but retained his kingdom's independence.