Necmettin Erbakan vs Peter Mutharika

Necmettin Erbakan founded the National Order Party (MNP) in 1970, Turkey's first explicitly Islamist political party. The party was banned by the Constitutional Court in 1971 for violating secularism, but it laid the groundwork for future Islamist movements.

Erbakan became Prime Minister on June 28, 1996, leading a coalition government with the True Path Party. He was the first Islamist prime minister in Turkey's secular history. His tenure lasted one year before being forced out by the military.

On February 28, 1997, the Turkish military issued a memorandum demanding Erbakan's government curb Islamist activities. Facing pressure, Erbakan resigned on June 18, 1997. This event is known as the 'post-modern coup' and ended his premiership.

In 1998, the Constitutional Court banned Erbakan from politics for five years for violating secularism laws. His Welfare Party was also dissolved. This effectively ended his direct political career, though he remained influential behind the scenes.

Peter Mutharika was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by his brother, President Bingu wa Mutharika. He served in this role until Bingu's death in 2012.

Peter Mutharika won the presidential election with 36% of the vote, defeating incumbent Joyce Banda and Lazarus Chakwera. The election was disputed, with Banda alleging fraud.

Mutharika won a second term in a highly controversial election. The Malawi Electoral Commission declared him the winner, but the opposition challenged the results, leading to widespread protests.

The Malawi Constitutional Court annulled the 2019 presidential election due to widespread irregularities, including the use of correction fluid on tally sheets. This was a landmark ruling in African jurisprudence.

Mutharika lost the rerun election to Lazarus Chakwera, receiving 39% of the vote against Chakwera's 59%. He conceded defeat, marking a peaceful transfer of power.