Peter Mutharika vs Soedjatmoko

Peter Mutharika was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by his brother, President Bingu wa Mutharika. He served in this role until Bingu's death in 2012.

Peter Mutharika won the presidential election with 36% of the vote, defeating incumbent Joyce Banda and Lazarus Chakwera. The election was disputed, with Banda alleging fraud.

Mutharika won a second term in a highly controversial election. The Malawi Electoral Commission declared him the winner, but the opposition challenged the results, leading to widespread protests.

The Malawi Constitutional Court annulled the 2019 presidential election due to widespread irregularities, including the use of correction fluid on tally sheets. This was a landmark ruling in African jurisprudence.

Mutharika lost the rerun election to Lazarus Chakwera, receiving 39% of the vote against Chakwera's 59%. He conceded defeat, marking a peaceful transfer of power.

Soedjatmoko was appointed as Indonesia's ambassador to the United States, a key diplomatic post during the Suharto era. He served until 1971, strengthening Indonesia-US relations during the Cold War.

Soedjatmoko was a prominent figure in the Non-Aligned Movement, advocating for the interests of developing countries. He contributed to shaping Indonesia's foreign policy as a neutral actor during the Cold War.

Soedjatmoko became the rector of the United Nations University in Tokyo, a position he held until 1987. He focused on global issues such as development, peace, and the role of science in society.

Soedjatmoko published a collection of essays arguing that human freedom and development are interdependent. The work influenced debates on development policy and human rights in the Global South.