Philibert Tsiranana vs Tanuma Okitsugu

Tsiranana was elected as a deputy for Madagascar to the French National Assembly. This position allowed him to advocate for Madagascar's autonomy within the French Community.

Tsiranana was appointed Prime Minister of the autonomous Malagasy Republic within the French Community. He led negotiations with France for full independence.

Tsiranana proclaimed Madagascar's independence from France on June 26, 1960, becoming the country's first president. He maintained close ties with France through cooperation agreements.

Tsiranana's government violently suppressed a peasant uprising in the south led by the National Movement for the Independence of Madagascar (MONIMA). Hundreds were killed, and the revolt's leader, Monja Jaona, was imprisoned.

Facing massive student and worker protests against his pro-French policies and authoritarian rule, Tsiranana resigned as president on May 18, 1972. He handed power to General Gabriel Ramanantsoa, ending the First Republic.

Tanuma Okitsugu was appointed roju under Shogun Tokugawa Ieharu. He became the dominant figure in the shogunate, implementing policies that promoted commerce and trade, breaking with the traditional agrarian focus.

Tanuma encouraged the growth of merchant guilds, reduced restrictions on trade, and promoted the development of domestic industries. His policies led to economic expansion and increased government revenue but also caused inflation and social disruption.

Tanuma implemented a series of reforms including land surveys to increase tax revenue, promotion of foreign trade through Nagasaki, and encouragement of new industries like mining and silk production. These reforms modernized the economy but faced opposition from conservative samurai.

Upon Shogun Ieharu's death, Tanuma was forced to resign by his conservative rivals led by Matsudaira Sadanobu. His policies were reversed, and he was placed under house arrest, marking the end of his reformist era.