Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi vs Yohannes IV

Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi became the Ruler of Sharjah on January 25, 1972, after the assassination of his cousin, Khalid bin Muhammad Al Qasimi. He is the current ruler and has served as a member of the UAE Supreme Council.

Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi, a noted historian, authored several books on Gulf history, including 'The Myth of Arab Piracy in the Gulf' (1986) and 'The Gulf in Historic Maps' (1996). His works challenged Western narratives and promoted regional historiography.

Sultan bin Muhammad launched the Sharjah Biennial in 1993, an international art exhibition that became a major event in the Middle East. He also established the Sharjah Art Foundation and numerous museums, promoting Sharjah as a cultural capital.

Sultan bin Muhammad Al Qasimi founded the University of Sharjah in 1997, a major institution for higher education in the UAE. The university offers a wide range of programs and has become a center for academic and cultural exchange.

Emperor Yohannes IV's forces decisively defeated an Egyptian invasion army at the Battle of Gundet. This victory secured Ethiopia's northern borders and established Yohannes as a major power in the Horn of Africa.

Emperor Yohannes IV signed the Treaty of Adwa with the British, which recognized Ethiopian sovereignty over parts of the Eritrean highlands. The treaty also allowed the British to evacuate their garrisons from Sudan through Ethiopian territory.

Emperor Yohannes IV led his army against the Mahdist forces of Sudan at the Battle of Metemma. He was killed in action during the battle, marking the end of his reign and leading to a succession crisis.