Abdullah ibn Rawahah vs Ma Chao

Abdullah ibn Rawahah was an early convert to Islam from the Khazraj tribe of Medina. He was a poet and a close companion of Muhammad, known for his eloquence and dedication to the faith.

Abdullah ibn Rawahah was one of the 12 representatives from Medina who pledged allegiance to Muhammad at the Second Pledge of Aqaba. This pledge paved the way for the Hijra and the establishment of the Muslim community in Medina.

After the conquest of Khaybar, Muhammad appointed Abdullah ibn Rawahah as a tax collector to assess and collect tribute from the Jewish inhabitants. He performed this administrative duty with fairness.

Abdullah ibn Rawahah was the third and final commander killed at the Battle of Mutah. After Zayd and Jafar fell, he took command and fought until he was killed, becoming a martyr. His death marked the end of the Muslim leadership in that battle.

Ma Chao, allied with Qiang and Hu tribes, led a rebellion against Cao Cao in Liang Province. He captured the city of Chang'an and threatened Cao Cao's western flank, forcing Cao Cao to personally lead a campaign against him.

Cao Cao's army faced Ma Chao's coalition at Tong Pass. Ma Chao's cavalry repeatedly charged Cao Cao's forces, nearly killing Cao Cao himself. However, Cao Cao used a feint to cross the Yellow River and outflank Ma Chao, forcing him to retreat.

After his defeat by Cao Cao, Ma Chao fled to Hanzhong and sought refuge with the warlord Zhang Lu. Zhang Lu gave him command of troops but grew suspicious of him, leading Ma Chao to eventually leave and join Liu Bei.

Ma Chao surrendered to Liu Bei and was given command of troops. He played a key role in Liu Bei's conquest of Yi Province, and later was appointed General of the Vanguard. He was enfeoffed as Marquis of Taitai.