Adolf Frederick of Sweden vs Francis I Stephen

Adolf Frederick became King of Sweden following the death of King Frederick I. His reign was marked by the Age of Liberty, where the Swedish parliament (Riksdag) held significant power. Adolf Frederick was largely a figurehead, with real authority exercised by the parliamentary factions.

Adolf Frederick attempted a coup to restore royal authority, supported by his wife Queen Louisa Ulrika. The coup failed due to lack of military support, and the king was forced to accept further limitations on his power. This event deepened the power of the parliamentary Caps and Hats factions.

Adolf Frederick died after consuming a large meal consisting of lobster, caviar, sauerkraut, and champagne, followed by 14 servings of his favorite dessert, semla. His death was attributed to digestive complications. This event became a famous anecdote illustrating his lack of political power and personal indulgence.

Francis Stephen married Maria Theresa of Austria, uniting the Houses of Habsburg and Lorraine. This marriage created the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty and made Francis co-ruler of the Habsburg domains.

Francis became Grand Duke of Tuscany as part of the settlement ending the War of the Polish Succession. He ceded the Duchy of Lorraine to France in exchange, establishing a new power base for his family.

Upon Maria Theresa's accession, Francis became co-ruler of the Habsburg Monarchy. He focused on financial administration and economic reforms, including the establishment of the Habsburg state bank.

Francis was elected Holy Roman Emperor as Francis I, succeeding Charles VII. His election was secured by Maria Theresa's diplomatic efforts and ended the Bavarian interlude, restoring the imperial title to the Habsburgs.