Aga of Kish vs Caracalla

Aga, king of Kish, besieged Uruk, demanding submission from Gilgamesh. The siege was broken by Gilgamesh's forces, and Aga was captured. Gilgamesh spared Aga's life due to a previous favor, ending the conflict between Kish and Uruk.

Aga was the last king of the First Dynasty of Kish, as recorded in the Sumerian King List. After his reign, the kingship passed to Uruk, marking the end of Kish's dominance in Sumer. The exact circumstances of his fall are not recorded.

Caracalla murdered his brother and co-emperor Geta in their mother Julia Domna's arms, after a period of intense rivalry. Geta's supporters were purged, and his name was erased from inscriptions (damnatio memoriae).

Caracalla issued the Constitutio Antoniniana, granting Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the Roman Empire. This edict aimed to increase tax revenue and unify the empire, but also diluted the traditional privileges of Roman citizens.

Caracalla campaigned against the Alemanni tribe on the Rhine frontier, winning a victory and adopting the title Germanicus Maximus. He also attempted to imitate Alexander the Great by forming a Macedonian-style phalanx.

Caracalla commissioned the Baths of Caracalla in Rome, one of the largest and most luxurious public bath complexes in the ancient world. The baths served as a social and cultural center for the Roman populace.

Caracalla was assassinated on the road to Carrhae by a soldier named Martialis, at the instigation of the praetorian prefect Macrinus. His death ended the Severan dynasty's direct line and led to Macrinus's brief reign.