Ahmad Shah Qajar vs Ganga Zumba

Ahmad Shah's government signed the Anglo-Persian Agreement, which would have made Persia a British protectorate in exchange for loans and military assistance. Widespread nationalist opposition forced the Majlis to reject the agreement, and it was never ratified, contributing to the government's weakness.

Ahmad Shah left Persia for Europe, ostensibly for medical treatment, but effectively went into exile. He left Reza Khan as prime minister with full powers. His absence weakened the monarchy and allowed Reza Khan to consolidate control, leading to the eventual deposition.

Ahmad Shah Qajar was deposed by the Majlis, which voted to end the Qajar dynasty and appoint Reza Khan as the new shah. This followed Reza Khan's coup in 1921 and his subsequent consolidation of power. Ahmad Shah was in Europe at the time and never returned to Persia.

Ganga Zumba became the first leader of the Quilombo dos Palmares, a large settlement of escaped enslaved people in the captaincy of Pernambuco, Brazil. The settlement grew into a self-governing maroon kingdom with a population of thousands, resisting Portuguese and Dutch colonial forces for decades.

Ganga Zumba negotiated and signed a peace treaty with Portuguese colonial authorities, accepting the relocation of Palmares residents to the Cuca

Ganga Zumba was killed, likely poisoned, by rivals within the Palmares community who opposed his peace treaty with the Portuguese. His death paved the way for Zumbi dos Palmares to assume leadership and resume armed resistance against colonial forces.