Al-Nasir vs Wladyslaw II Jagiello

Al-Nasir began his reign by consolidating caliphal power in Baghdad and reducing the influence of the Seljuk sultan. He reorganized the administration and built a strong military, laying the foundation for a revived caliphate.

Al-Nasir allied with the Ghurids against the Khwarezmian Empire, which had become a major power. The conflict weakened the Khwarezmians but also drained caliphal resources, leading to a stalemate.

Al-Nasir reformed the futuwwa (chivalric) orders, incorporating them into the caliphal administration. He made himself the supreme head of the futuwwa, using it to spread caliphal influence across the Islamic world.

Al-Nasir launched a campaign against the Ismaili sect in the mountains of Iran, destroying their fortresses. This action aimed to eliminate a rival religious and political force and assert Sunni orthodoxy.

Al-Nasir sent an embassy to the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan, seeking an alliance against the Khwarezmian Empire. This diplomatic move failed to prevent the Mongol invasion of the Islamic world.

Al-Nasir died after a 45-year reign, leaving the caliphate stronger than it had been for centuries. His policies restored caliphal authority in Iraq and expanded its influence, but the Mongol threat loomed.

Władysław II Jagiełło, as Grand Duke of Lithuania, signed the Union of Krewo with Poland, agreeing to convert Lithuania to Christianity and marry Queen Jadwiga of Poland. This personal union created the Polish-Lithuanian union and made Jagiełło King of Poland.

Władysław II Jagiełło oversaw the official Christianization of Lithuania, the last pagan state in Europe. He established the Diocese of Vilnius and promoted the Latin rite, integrating Lithuania into Western Christendom.

Władysław II Jagiełło led the combined Polish-Lithuanian forces to a decisive victory over the Teutonic Order at Grunwald. The battle broke the Order's military power and marked the zenith of Polish-Lithuanian strength in the region.

Władysław II Jagiełło signed the First Peace of Thorn with the Teutonic Order after Grunwald. The treaty granted Samogitia to Lithuania for Jagiełło's lifetime and required the Order to pay a large indemnity, but did not fully exploit the military victory.

Władysław II Jagiełło sent a Polish delegation to the Council of Constance, where they defended the rights of pagan Lithuanians against Teutonic accusations. The Polish representative Paweł Włodkowic argued for religious tolerance, influencing European legal thought.