Ali Riza Pasha vs Omar al-Mukhtar

Ali Riza Pasha was appointed Grand Vizier by Sultan Mehmed VI in October 1919. He attempted to mediate between the Istanbul government and the Turkish Nationalists, but his efforts were undermined by the Allies and the sultan.

Ali Riza Pasha attempted to negotiate with Mustafa Kemal Atat

Ali Riza Pasha resigned as Grand Vizier after the Allied occupation of Istanbul in March 1920. His resignation was forced by the British who demanded a more compliant government to enforce the Treaty of S

Omar al-Mukhtar led Sanusi forces in a victory against Italian colonial troops at al-Qurdabiya. This battle established his reputation as a skilled guerrilla commander and marked the beginning of his sustained resistance campaign in Cyrenaica.

Omar al-Mukhtar was appointed supreme commander of the Libyan resistance forces by the Sanusi leadership. He organized guerrilla warfare against Italian occupation, using knowledge of the desert terrain to conduct hit-and-run attacks on Italian positions.

Omar al-Mukhtar's forces ambushed an Italian column near Buerat, inflicting heavy casualties. This victory demonstrated the effectiveness of his guerrilla tactics and prolonged the resistance despite Italy's superior military resources.

Omar al-Mukhtar was wounded and captured by Italian forces at the Battle of Slonta. He was tried by a military court and publicly hanged in Suluq, Libya. His execution galvanized anti-colonial sentiment and made him a symbol of resistance.