Andry Rajoelina vs Mireya Moscoso

Rajoelina was elected mayor of Madagascar's capital, Antananarivo, in December 2007. This position gave him a platform to challenge President Marc Ravalomanana, leading to a political crisis.

Rajoelina led mass protests against President Ravalomanana in early 2009. The protests escalated into a coup d'

In March 2009, Rajoelina was installed as President of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar. His rule was not recognized by the African Union or SADC, leading to Madagascar's suspension from these organizations.

In August 2009, Rajoelina signed the Maputo Accords with other Malagasy political factions, agreeing to a power-sharing government. The accords collapsed within months due to disagreements over ministerial posts.

Rajoelina ran for president in the 2013 elections but was barred from standing by the electoral court due to his role in the 2009 coup. He supported a proxy candidate, Hery Rajaonarimampianina, who won.

Rajoelina won the 2018 presidential election in a runoff against Marc Ravalomanana, receiving 55.7% of the vote. His victory marked a return to power through democratic means, ending a decade of political instability.

Rajoelina was re-elected in the first round of the 2023 presidential election with 58.9% of the vote. The election was boycotted by most opposition candidates, who alleged irregularities, leading to low voter turnout.

Mireya Moscoso won the 1999 presidential election as the candidate of the Arnulfista Party, becoming the first woman to hold the office in Panama. Her victory was seen as a continuation of the legacy of her late husband, Arnulfo Arias.

Moscoso's presidency focused on economic growth, social programs, and the administration of the Panama Canal, which had been fully transferred to Panama in 1999. Her tenure was marked by political scandals and allegations of corruption, but she completed her term.

On December 31, 1999, the Panama Canal was formally transferred from the United States to Panama, a process overseen by President Moscoso. This event fulfilled the Torrijos-Carter Treaties and marked a major milestone in Panamanian sovereignty.