Mireya Moscoso vs Warren G. Harding

Mireya Moscoso won the 1999 presidential election as the candidate of the Arnulfista Party, becoming the first woman to hold the office in Panama. Her victory was seen as a continuation of the legacy of her late husband, Arnulfo Arias.

Moscoso's presidency focused on economic growth, social programs, and the administration of the Panama Canal, which had been fully transferred to Panama in 1999. Her tenure was marked by political scandals and allegations of corruption, but she completed her term.

On December 31, 1999, the Panama Canal was formally transferred from the United States to Panama, a process overseen by President Moscoso. This event fulfilled the Torrijos-Carter Treaties and marked a major milestone in Panamanian sovereignty.

Harding, a Republican, won the 1920 presidential election in a landslide against Democrat James M. Cox. His campaign promised a 'return to normalcy' after World War I and the Progressive Era, appealing to voters weary of reform and international engagement.

Harding signed the Budget and Accounting Act, which created the Bureau of the Budget (now the Office of Management and Budget) and the General Accounting Office (now the Government Accountability Office). This established the first formal federal budgeting process.

The Teapot Dome scandal erupted, revealing that Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall had secretly leased naval oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, to private oil companies in exchange for bribes. Fall was later convicted, becoming the first cabinet member imprisoned for crimes in office.