Aram Manukian vs Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

Manukian helped form the Armenian National Council in Tiflis in October 1917, uniting Armenian political parties to coordinate the defense and governance of Armenian-populated areas after the Russian Revolution.

Manukian organized and led Armenian forces to a decisive victory against the Ottoman army at Sardarabad in May 1918. This battle prevented the Ottoman capture of Yerevan and allowed the Armenian Republic to survive its first weeks.

Aram Manukian, as a leading figure in the Armenian National Council, declared the independence of the First Republic of Armenia on May 28, 1918, following the collapse of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. This established the first modern Armenian state.

Manukian served as Minister of Interior and Food Supply in the first government of the Republic of Armenia, managing internal security and the distribution of scarce resources during the famine and refugee crisis following the Armenian Genocide.

Aram Manukian died of typhus on January 29, 1919, in Yerevan, at the age of 39. His death removed a key leader from the Armenian government during a critical period of state consolidation and ongoing conflict.

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo became president after the EDSA II Revolution ousted Joseph Estrada. She was the second female president of the Philippines and daughter of former President Diosdado Macapagal.

A group of junior military officers seized the Oakwood Premier Hotel in Makati, demanding Arroyo's resignation over corruption allegations. The mutiny was peacefully resolved, but it highlighted military unrest.

Arroyo signed the Expanded Value-Added Tax law, raising the VAT rate from 10% to 12% to address fiscal deficits. The reform increased government revenue but faced public opposition and legal challenges.

Arroyo was arrested on charges of electoral sabotage related to the 2007 senatorial elections. She was detained at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center, becoming the first former Philippine president to be held on such charges.

President Rodrigo Duterte granted Arroyo absolute pardon for her electoral sabotage conviction, citing her poor health. The pardon allowed her release from detention and eventual return to politics as a congresswoman.