Arjan Singh vs Joao Figueiredo

Arjan Singh was appointed Chief of Air Staff in 1964. He oversaw the expansion and modernization of the Indian Air Force, including the induction of new aircraft like the MiG-21.

As Chief of Air Staff, Arjan Singh led the Indian Air Force during the 1965 war with Pakistan. The IAF conducted air operations in support of ground forces, though the war ended in a stalemate.

After retiring from the air force, Arjan Singh served as Governor of Assam. He dealt with insurgency and refugee issues during the Bangladesh Liberation War.

Arjan Singh was promoted to the rank of Marshal of the Indian Air Force, the first and only officer to hold this five-star rank. The promotion recognized his leadership during the 1965 war and his long service.

Figueiredo's government passed legislation ending the two-party system imposed by the military, allowing the formation of multiple political parties. This reform facilitated the reorganization of opposition forces and the eventual return to multi-party democracy.

Figueiredo became the last military president of Brazil, succeeding Ernesto Geisel. His presidency marked the continuation of the political opening (abertura) process initiated by Geisel, aiming for a gradual transition to democracy.

Figueiredo signed Law No. 6,683, granting amnesty to political exiles and those accused of political crimes during the military regime. The law also covered state agents, preventing prosecution for human rights abuses.

A bomb exploded at a May Day concert at Riocentro, killing a military sergeant and wounding another. Evidence suggested involvement of hardline military factions opposed to abertura. The incident weakened Figueiredo's government and accelerated the democratic transition.

Facing a severe debt crisis and inflation, Figueiredo's government implemented an IMF-backed austerity program, including currency devaluation and spending cuts. The plan failed to stabilize the economy, leading to recession and social unrest.

Figueiredo's government faced massive public demonstrations demanding direct presidential elections (Diretas J