Asai Nagamasa vs Fernando Alvarez de Toledo Duke of Alba

Nagamasa formed an alliance with Oda Nobunaga by marrying his sister, Oichi. This alliance strengthened both clans and allowed Nagamasa to expand his territory in Omi Province.

Nagamasa's forces, allied with the Asakura clan, were defeated by Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu at the Battle of Anegawa. This defeat weakened his position.

Nagamasa broke his alliance with Oda Nobunaga and joined the anti-Nobunaga coalition led by the Azai and Asakura clans. This act led to war with Nobunaga.

Nagamasa was besieged at Odani Castle by Oda Nobunaga's forces. He committed seppuku after the castle fell, ending the Asai clan's resistance.

Alba established the Council of Troubles, also known as the Blood Council, to prosecute those involved in the Dutch Revolt. This tribunal sentenced thousands to death, including the Counts of Egmont and Horne, intensifying resistance.

Alba's Spanish army decisively defeated the rebel forces of Louis of Nassau at Jemmingen. The rebel army was destroyed, with thousands killed or drowned in the Ems River, temporarily crushing the revolt's military strength.

Alba attempted to impose a 10% sales tax (the Tenth Penny) on all movable goods in the Netherlands. This tax was deeply unpopular and sparked widespread economic disruption and renewed rebellion, undermining Spanish control.

King Philip II recalled Alba from his governorship of the Netherlands after his policies failed to suppress the revolt. Alba's harsh rule had alienated both Catholics and Protestants, and his military campaigns had stalled.