Augusto Cesar Sandino vs Sam Nujoma

Augusto Cesar Sandino led a small force of Nicaraguan rebels in an attack on the US Marine garrison at Ocotal. The battle resulted in heavy casualties for Sandino's forces but marked the beginning of his six-year guerrilla war against the US occupation.

Sandino established the Defending Army of National Sovereignty (EDSN) to fight the US occupation and the Nicaraguan government. The army grew to several thousand fighters and used guerrilla tactics to resist US forces.

Sandino refused to accept the Treaty of Tipitapa, which ended the civil war between liberal and conservative factions and allowed US forces to remain. His rejection led to his continued insurgency against the US and the Nicaraguan government.

Sandino was assassinated by members of the National Guard under the orders of Anastasio Somoza Garcia, after leaving a meeting with President Juan Bautista Sacasa. His death ended the resistance but made him a martyr for anti-imperialist movements.

Sam Nujoma became the president of the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO), which was fighting for Namibia's independence from South African rule. He led the organization from exile, directing both diplomatic and armed resistance.

Nujoma authorized the launch of SWAPO's armed wing, the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN), which began guerrilla attacks against South African forces. The armed struggle, based in Zambia and Angola, lasted for over two decades.

Nujoma's SWAPO accepted UN Security Council Resolution 435, which outlined a plan for Namibian independence through UN-supervised elections. This diplomatic victory set the stage for the eventual end of South African occupation.

Nujoma was elected as the first President of an independent Namibia on March 21, 1990. He oversaw the drafting of a constitution that guaranteed multi-party democracy and human rights, and he promoted national reconciliation after the long war.

Nujoma pushed through a constitutional amendment allowing him to run for a third term as president, breaking the two-term limit. He won the 1999 election, but the move was criticized as a step toward authoritarianism and set a precedent for later leaders.