Carol II of Romania vs Charles Albert of Bavaria

Carol II became King of Romania on June 8, 1930, after returning from exile. He had renounced his rights to the throne in 1925, but his son Michael's regency was overthrown, and Carol was invited back by a political faction.

Carol II abolished the constitution and established a royal dictatorship on February 10, 1938. He banned all political parties, created the National Renaissance Front as the sole legal party, and concentrated power in his own hands, aiming to counter the rise of the Iron Guard.

Under pressure from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, Carol II accepted the Second Vienna Award on August 30, 1940, ceding Northern Transylvania to Hungary. This territorial loss caused widespread outrage and severely weakened his regime.

On September 6, 1940, Carol II was forced to abdicate by General Ion Antonescu, who took power with support from the Iron Guard. Carol fled Romania, spending the rest of his life in exile in Portugal, Mexico, and Brazil.

Charles Albert, allied with France and Prussia, invaded Austria and Bohemia in 1741. He captured Prague and had himself crowned King of Bohemia, but his forces were later expelled by Austrian troops, leading to the loss of his territories.

Charles Albert was elected Holy Roman Emperor on January 24, 1742, during the War of Austrian Succession. His election broke the Habsburg monopoly on the imperial title, but his reign was contested and he never fully controlled the empire.

Charles VII died on January 20, 1745, in Munich, having lost most of his Bavarian territories to Austrian forces. His death ended the Wittelsbach claim to the imperial throne, and the Habsburgs regained the title under Francis I.