Chares of Athens vs Ma Chao

Chares took command of Athenian mercenary forces operating in Asia Minor against the Persians. He achieved some successes but also engaged in plundering, which strained Athenian relations with the Persian Empire.

Chares led an Athenian force in the siege of Byzantium, which was allied with Philip II. The siege failed when Philip's relief force arrived, forcing Chares to withdraw. This failure contributed to the decline of Athenian power.

Chares commanded the Athenian contingent at the Battle of Chaeronea against Philip II of Macedon. The Athenian and Theban alliance was decisively defeated, ending Greek independence and establishing Macedonian hegemony over Greece.

Ma Chao, allied with Qiang and Hu tribes, led a rebellion against Cao Cao in Liang Province. He captured the city of Chang'an and threatened Cao Cao's western flank, forcing Cao Cao to personally lead a campaign against him.

Cao Cao's army faced Ma Chao's coalition at Tong Pass. Ma Chao's cavalry repeatedly charged Cao Cao's forces, nearly killing Cao Cao himself. However, Cao Cao used a feint to cross the Yellow River and outflank Ma Chao, forcing him to retreat.

After his defeat by Cao Cao, Ma Chao fled to Hanzhong and sought refuge with the warlord Zhang Lu. Zhang Lu gave him command of troops but grew suspicious of him, leading Ma Chao to eventually leave and join Liu Bei.

Ma Chao surrendered to Liu Bei and was given command of troops. He played a key role in Liu Bei's conquest of Yi Province, and later was appointed General of the Vanguard. He was enfeoffed as Marquis of Taitai.