Demetrius I Soter vs Teos

Demetrius I Soter escaped from Rome, where he had been held as a hostage, and returned to Syria. He overthrew the regent Lysias and the young king Antiochus V, claiming the Seleucid throne. His return was supported by the Roman Senate.

Demetrius I sent an army under General Nicanor to suppress the Maccabean Revolt in Judea. Nicanor was defeated and killed at the Battle of Adasa by Judas Maccabeus. This victory solidified Maccabean control over Judea.

Demetrius I was killed in battle against the forces of Alexander Balas, a rival claimant to the Seleucid throne supported by Rome and Pergamon. His death ended his reign and plunged the Seleucid Empire into further civil war.

Teos became pharaoh of the 30th Dynasty, succeeding his father Nectanebo I. He inherited a kingdom that had regained independence from Persian rule and sought to expand Egyptian influence.

Teos launched a large-scale military campaign against the Achaemenid Persian Empire, invading Syria with a combined Egyptian and Greek mercenary force. The campaign initially achieved some successes, capturing several cities.

While Teos was campaigning in Syria, his nephew Tachos (who was left in charge of Egypt) rebelled and declared himself pharaoh, supported by the Spartan general Agesilaus. Teos was abandoned by his Greek mercenaries.

After the betrayal, Teos fled to the Persian court, seeking refuge with King Artaxerxes II. He died in exile in Persia, never returning to Egypt. His brief reign ended in failure.