Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo vs Philip III of Spain

Following the Zulu Civil War and the British annexation of Zululand, Dinuzulu was captured by British forces and exiled to the island of St Helena. This removed the last Zulu monarch from his kingdom, ending the independent Zulu monarchy.

After eight years on St Helena, Dinuzulu was allowed to return to Zululand, which had been incorporated into the British Colony of Natal. He was reinstated as a chief but under British authority, with reduced powers.

Dinuzulu was arrested by British authorities on charges of inciting the Bambatha Rebellion of 1906. He was tried and convicted, leading to a second exile, this time to a farm in the Transvaal.

Philip III delegated the governance of Spain to his favorite, the Duke of Lerma, who effectively ruled as a prime minister. Lerma's administration was marked by corruption, favoritism, and a decline in royal authority, contributing to the economic and political decline of Spain.

Under Philip III, the Spanish crown declared bankruptcy for the third time in its history, unable to service its massive debts from the Habsburg wars. The bankruptcy led to a suspension of payments to creditors and a further deterioration of Spain's financial position.

Philip III of Spain ordered the expulsion of the Moriscos, descendants of Muslims who had converted to Christianity, from Spain. Over 300,000 Moriscos were forced to leave, primarily to North Africa. The expulsion caused a significant demographic and economic decline, particularly in Valencia and Aragon.

Philip III signed the Twelve Years' Truce with the Dutch Republic, effectively recognizing Dutch independence from Spain. The truce ended the Eighty Years' War for a period, but it was seen as a sign of Spanish weakness and a concession to the rebellious provinces.