Duke Huan of Qi vs King Huiwen of Zhao

Duke Huan appointed Guan Zhong as chancellor, who implemented administrative and economic reforms. These included reorganizing the state into districts, standardizing taxes, and promoting trade, which strengthened Qi's power and wealth.

Duke Huan of Qi became the first of the Five Hegemons, dominating the Spring and Autumn period. He used the authority of the Zhou king to lead alliances of states, maintaining order and defending against non-Chinese tribes.

Duke Huan led a campaign against the Northern Di tribes who were threatening the states of Yan and Xing. His victory protected the northern borders and earned him gratitude from the Zhou court, enhancing his prestige as protector of Chinese civilization.

Duke Huan convened a major alliance of states at Kuiqiu, where he reaffirmed the authority of the Zhou king and established a code of conduct among states. This meeting solidified his position as hegemon and set precedents for interstate relations.

Under King Huiwen, Zhao became the most powerful state in the Warring States period. His reign saw the consolidation of the military reforms of his father, King Wuling, and Zhao's army became a formidable force, capable of challenging Qin.

King Huiwen appointed the diplomat Lin Xiangru as chancellor after his successful missions to Qin. Lin Xiangru's policies promoted internal harmony and effective governance, contributing to Zhao's stability and prosperity.

King Huiwen met with King Zhaoxiang of Qin at Mianchi to negotiate a truce. The conference, mediated by Lin Xiangru, temporarily eased tensions between Zhao and Qin, though it did not lead to a lasting peace.

Zhao forces under General Zhao She defeated a Qin army at Yique, inflicting heavy casualties. This victory checked Qin's eastward expansion and demonstrated Zhao's military strength during its peak.