Engelbert Dollfuss vs Oscar Arias

In March 1933, Dollfuss used a parliamentary procedural crisis to suspend the National Council and rule by emergency decree. He banned the Communist Party, the Nazi Party, and eventually the Social Democratic Party, establishing a one-party authoritarian state known as the Austrofascist regime.

In February 1934, Dollfuss ordered the military and police to attack Social Democratic Party strongholds in Vienna and other cities. The conflict lasted several days, resulting in hundreds of deaths and the outlawing of the Social Democratic Party and its paramilitary organization, the Republikanischer Schutzbund.

On July 25, 1934, Austrian Nazis, with support from Germany, stormed the Federal Chancellery in Vienna. Dollfuss was shot and died from his wounds. The coup attempt failed to seize power, but Dollfuss's death marked a major escalation in Nazi pressure on Austria.

Óscar Arias received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end the civil wars in Central America. His peace plan led to the Esquipulas Peace Accords, which brought stability to the region.

Arias, as President of Costa Rica, brokered the Esquipulas II agreement among Central American presidents. The accords called for ceasefires, democratization, and an end to foreign support for insurgents.

Óscar Arias was re-elected as president of Costa Rica after a constitutional change allowed a second term. He won a narrow victory over Ottón Solís, returning to office after 16 years.

President Arias pushed for Costa Rica's ratification of the Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR). The agreement passed a national referendum, integrating Costa Rica into the U.S. trade bloc.