Ernst Johann von Biron vs Peter III of Russia

With the support of Empress Anna of Russia, Ernst Johann von Biron was elected Duke of Courland. He ruled the duchy as a Russian client, implementing policies favorable to St. Petersburg.

Following the death of Empress Anna, Biron was arrested by Field Marshal Burkhard Christoph von M

Catherine the Great restored Biron to the Duchy of Courland. He returned from exile and ruled again until 1769, when he abdicated in favor of his son Peter von Biron.

Peter III issued the 'Manifesto on the Freedom of the Nobility,' which freed nobles from compulsory state and military service. This reform granted nobles the right to choose their occupation, travel abroad, and own land without service. It strengthened the nobility's power but weakened state control.

Peter III ascended the throne after the death of Elizabeth of Russia. He was a grandson of Peter the Great and a devoted admirer of Frederick the Great of Prussia. His reign lasted only six months and was marked by unpopular policies that alienated the nobility and the military.

Peter III ended Russia's participation in the Seven Years' War by signing the Treaty of Saint Petersburg with Prussia. He returned all conquered territories to Prussia and formed an alliance with Frederick the Great. This decision reversed Elizabeth's policy and was seen as a betrayal of Russian sacrifices.

Peter III was deposed in a coup led by his wife, Catherine, and her supporters, including the Orlov brothers. He was forced to abdicate and was imprisoned at Ropsha, where he was killed under unclear circumstances. His death cleared the way for Catherine the Great's reign.