Fateh Singh of Udaipur vs Muhammad Adil Shah

Fateh Singh became Maharana of Mewar at age 35 after the death of his brother Sajjan Singh. His reign was marked by efforts to preserve Mewar's autonomy while cooperating with the British, and he became a prominent figure in the early Indian independence movement.

Fateh Singh extended moral and financial support to the Indian National Congress in its early years. He allowed Congress sessions to be held in Udaipur and advocated for Indian representation in British governance, though he remained a loyal prince.

Fateh Singh commissioned the Fateh Prakash Palace in Udaipur, a blend of Rajput and European styles. The palace served as a royal residence and later became a heritage hotel, reflecting his patronage of architecture.

Fateh Singh publicly opposed the British partition of Bengal, aligning with the Swadeshi movement. He encouraged the use of Indian-made goods and supported the boycott of British products, though he did not engage in open rebellion.

Fateh Singh died in 1930 after a 46-year reign. He was succeeded by his son Bhupal Singh. His reign saw Mewar maintain its cultural identity while engaging with the nationalist movement.

Muhammad Adil Shah signed a treaty with the Mughal Empire under Shah Jahan, accepting Mughal suzerainty and paying tribute. This agreement preserved Bijapur's internal autonomy but reduced its independence in foreign affairs.

Muhammad Adil Shah fought a series of campaigns against the rising Maratha power under Shahaji Bhonsle. The conflict drained Bijapur's resources and marked the beginning of Maratha ascendancy in the Deccan.

Muhammad Adil Shah patronized Persian poets and scholars at his court, including the poet Nusrati. His patronage contributed to the flourishing of Persian literature in the Deccan during the 17th century.

Muhammad Adil Shah completed the construction of Gol Gumbaz, the mausoleum for himself and his family. The structure features one of the largest domes in the world and is a landmark of Deccan architecture.